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Moscow Fact File Continued

Introduction
Moscow’s population
Moscow’s area
Moscow’s time zone
Moscow’s telephone code
Moscow’s climate
Moscow’s system of government
Moscow’s culture
Moscow’s international relations

Moscow’s climate

Moscow climate is continental, though mild. There are no severe frosts or excessive heat, although deviations from normal seasonal temperatures are quite frequent. December, for example, might bring along long-run thaws. In summer, periods of heat might be alternated with the sudden cold weather and protracted rains. On average Moscow has 194 days of above-zero and 103 days of below-zero temperature every year.

As the city grew, the differences in climate between Moscow and Moscow region became more distinctive. During clear frosty nights it is usually colder in the country than in the city (the difference might reach 4-5 degrees centigrade, while 10-12 years ago it didn’t exceed 1-2 degrees).

As the result of global warming, average temperatures of the first half of the year (January - June) in Moscow have recently gone up (average temperatures in January - March during the last 12 years are 2.3 degrees higher than the average temperature during previous 30-year period), while such months as November and December are growing colder (average decrease of temperature is 0.5 degrees).

Relative humidity during the winter period has been quite frequently high (>70%) in the past decade, and the winter temperatures have been relatively high (above 0°С) as well. Frequent thaws, repetitive unfavourable combinations of temperature and humidity create certain discomfort and have a negative effect on the conditions of roads, buildings and communications.

In the last five years, the average annual rainfall has been 760 mm, and that is 1.2 times more than the normal annual rainfall (644 mm) for many previous years. The increase of the annual rainfall caused precipitation scavenging.

August and October have recently been the periods of the maximal rainfall amount, while April has been the driest month with minimal amount of precipitation.

Average temperatures

Summer + 20° C, 68 F
Winter - 15° C, 5 F

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Moscow’s system of government

The Moscow Town Duma, the highest and only active law-making organ of government power in Moscow, was formed in 1993. The Duma consists of 35 deputies who work on a regular basis. The deputies are elected by the people of Moscow through an equal and direct elective method of secret ballots for four years. Citizens of the Russian Federation having reached the age of 21 by the date of elections have the right to vote.

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Moscow’s economy, infrastructure, and industry
The index of production on the basis of activity in industry for 2005 was 122.4%
Turnover from retail – 1586.1 million roubles
Export – 9.9 million dollars
Import – 32.1 million dollars
Moscow has attracted 25.2 million dollars of foreign investment (in comparison with 2004 the amount of foreign investment rose by 61 percent).
The completion of taxpayer funded investment programs by the Moscow government – 186.3 million roubles.

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Moscow’s Culture
Moscow’s cultural life in figures

Theatres, theatre-studios, experimental theatres – 93
The most well-known theatres: the Bolshoi, the May, the Vakhtangov Art Theatre, Theatre on the Tanganka.
Cinemas – 132
Concert organizations – 24
Museums - 61
Museums of worldwide reknown: Tretyakov Gallery, Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the State Historical Museum, and others.
Exhibition halls – 30.
Houses of Culture – 88
Children’s musical and art schools – 138
434 libraries, including 168 children’s libraries

In the territory of the town are located

96 parks
18 gardens, of which 4 are botanical.
400 squares
160 boulevardes

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Moscow’s international relations

Moscow is in contact with more than 130 overseas towns and regions in 97 countries. Around 50 of these are long-standing contacts. Moscow’s most active partners in the economic, cultural and social spheres are Berlin, Dusseldorf, Athens, London, Peking, Brussels, Vienna, Seoul, Hanoi, Sofia, Ulan-Bator, Zagreb, paris, Chicago, Rme, Bavaria, Astana, Riga, Kiev, Donetsk, Erevan, and also the republics of Azherbijan, Kirghizia, the autonomous republic of the Crima, and the northern-Kazakhstan region.

Moscow actively participates in the activies of a range of international organizations.

There are 138 diplomatic representatives, 31 market representatives, 12 representatives of international organizations in Moscow, with whom the the Moscow government maintains a working relationship.

In 2005 Moscow realised market connections with 182 countries. Moscow maintains regular market connections with more than 50 countries. There are more than 4500 foreign companies registered n Moscow, and more than 7.5 thousand organizations operate with foreign capital.

Each year around 550 international exhibitions and markets take place in Moscow.

In 2005 Moscow had 4 million visitors, including 1.26 miilion foreign citizens.

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Moscow Fact File Continued

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